Acne, a skin condition characterized by blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed pustules, contemptuously called “zits” is a condition that affects many people. Those who experience it often suffer from poor self-esteem due to self-image or the ridicule suffered at the hands of others. Acne occurs when the porous skin surface becomes clogged. While oil glands normally keep skin lubricated and help remove old skin cells, pores can become blocked by excess oil production. Blockages, also called plugs or comedones, can result from accumulating dirt, debris, or bacteria.
Acne can appear virtually anywhere on the body and vary by degree, but it certainly does not discriminate by age, gender, or ethnic group. The color of the top of the plug may be light in whiteheads, dark in blackheads, or inflamed cystic acne. There appears to be a genetic predisposition with acne, but it can also be triggered by factors such as stress and hormone levels, reactions to medications, elements in cosmetic or grooming products, or sweating in humidity. Some perpetuated myths about causes, such as chocolate for example, do not have scientific basis.
Many over the counter treatments are available, along with good advice for self-care. Common non-prescription treatments might include celebrity endorsed regimens, and the simple act of keeping the area clean and dry while avoiding oily products or irritating the area further by digging at the skin. Oily cosmetic or hygienic products are to be avoided, as are stimulation of the areas by handling too much or wearing cosmetics to bed at night.
Some acne patients seek the help of a dermatologist when all else fails. Prescription creams or antibiotics may be administered, though care should be taken with pregnant or sexually active adolescents must avoid some products. Chemical peels or other cosmetic procedure may be used to remove scars or cysts to restore appearance of skin. Natural sunlight, in moderation only, may help clear and dry affected areas.
After adolescence, acne may clear, but can last into midlife. Acne patients may suffer periodic flare ups. Scarring will likely occur if acne is severe and untreated. Skin discoloration may occur in some. Medications may cause undesirable side effects such as dryness, and scarring may cause some patients depression. If after approximately three months, acne is severe, fails to resolve despite over the counter regimens, is leaving scars or damaging self-esteem, patients should contact a dermatologist for care.
